TRIZ-engineering differs from the classical engineering

TRIZ-engineering differs from the classical engineering as the FSA, is to "advanced" use of a systematic approach to all aspects of activity:

• The philosophical and methodological terms (using philosophical categorical apparatus, including the concept of contradiction, the principles of formation of structures, look at the development of systems through the prism of complex action universal, public and private AAMS);

• organizationally (functionally-oriented formation of the "team" engineering company);

• in terms of technology (used as a tool of building information model of the object calibrated system of test questions according to the groups (whereas in practice reengineering, it looks much more modest - such as "analysis by the five questions" in), and when you change systems - methods of resolving contradictions AAMS and in particular effective methods of synthesis of model systems (due to association of alternative systems, functionally ideal modeling (clotting) systems);

• socio-psychological terms (taking into account differences in interests and identifying allies opponents among specialists of the customer company, the particular features of the psychology of human perception of ordinary decisions, which appear, for example, during the presentation of the results of engineering, etc.);

• In legal terms (deeper qualitative and ensuring the protection of information, intellectual property).

In such a system as an engineering activity can not be trifles. Everything must be weighed and thought out. In terms of methodology, we are talking about the instrumental use: laws of the organization (formation) and development systems (AIA AAMS); understanding of the principles of the system of action (PoA) as a property underlying the binding, unleashing structures; representations of functionally ideal modeling (FIM), "phasing" systems; combining alternative systems. The psychologically important TRIZ-engineering technology attached extract from the Customer information about the necessary changes to the engineering object system. This work is carried out in the process of getting answers to test questions.

How to win the tender. 18 secrets

How to win the tender. 18 secrets

If you think about it, the main task - to salesmanship and customer interest. It is important to determine who your customers are and to direct action on the implementation of these requirements. There are 18 the most important rules to be followed when submitting the documents:

1. In order to find out their needs, always call them. When you call the client, not only to ask for a copy of the tender document or sheet of specifications. You need to find out why they are calling for tenders, that is important to them and why they want to carry out the project. Communicate with customers, learn them, to find out what they are in reality. You'll be surprised how much information you can find - the priceless information for the creation of the tender.

2. Follow a formula that has already been tested. Instead of just talking about the ability to do the job, start with the definition of the customer's problem (specify why they have included one or other criterion). Then you can talk about the reverse side of this problem. When you have done this, you can talk about solving the problem, how do you really want to fulfill their needs. You need to include information about the process that you will use. Prove your statements, including case studies, results, warranty and reviews.

3. Send them a letter with the preliminary proposal. After calls to clients, you should send them a letter. The letter should be written "thank you for the information," and the letter should include anything that will make them feel good about the fact that they want to achieve. Finish the letter should be words of gratitude, as well as to write that you are waiting for drafting the contract with them. An important factor in your success is to establish relationships with potential customers, relationships that start from when you first called them.

4. Conduct research. Learn everything possible about this company. Look on the Internet; ask clients to send you a brochure; learn what their competitors do; find out their tasks, their company culture. By doing this, you will feel that it is important for the company and will be able to include it in the preparation of tender documents.

5. Follow the instructions exactly. When you are preparing documents for government tenders, there are specific guidelines that should be followed. If there are other sections that you want to include, you can put them at the end of the tender document.

6. Use graphs and tables. Display data in graphical form rather than as text. Turn on the comparison of the results with the results of other companies.

7. Make a list of your most impressive clients. By listing your customers, you give a potential client to understand how you will be able to cope with the scale of their business.

8. Provide a list of the results that you have achieved. Doing this, you prove that your company can offer them the same.

9. Turn on the guarantee. During the tender, people can be very skeptical. They fear not get the results they expect. If you promise to return the money to the client, in case of failure, this will remove a lot of barriers to working with you

10. Include some comments about you. If you say something about themselves, the clients can not believe you, but if someone else says about you, it is much more efficient.

11. Tell us about the emotions. It is true: people buy their emotions to justify their purchases by using logic. It goes without saying that if you go to human emotions, you will get better results.
Write to the extent that, as you say.

12. Tell us about the benefits that you bring to them. People do not care how much you are professional, or even how long you have been in business. They just want to know what you are going to do for them, how you are going to provide the expected results, and what it will mean for them.

13. Use more often the word "you." It helps human interest.

14. Think of the tender document professionally. The document, which is professionally presented, gives the feel that you are professional, too.

15. You should include action plans so that your customers know what you expect from the action, and when they should expect. This will give potential clients a much clearer idea of ​​how you will carry out their demands.

16. Include some graphics to your customers know at what structure your business running. Many people perceive visually, and they need to see things in a chart form, to understand how it works.

17. Turn on the corporate profile of your company: experience, skills and qualifications of your key people, your philosophy and your results.

18. You need to use the names of people in the bidding documents. Most people love when you say their name. The use of names in documents creates an instant connection between you and your customer.

In the next 30 years robots will occupy half of the jobs.

In the next 30 years robots will occupy half of the jobs.

Two very important indicator for the future of the labor market, has recently stirred up public opinion:

- Only 85 people control as much money as the poorest part of the world;

- 47% of all existing in the world of work in the next twenty years will be able to carry out the robots.

Combined, these two factors herald the imminent onset of dystopia. As soon as more automated technology will be able to meet the needs of corporations, more and more workers will be replaced by robots - because it will allow companies to reduce costs and increase profits. First, it touches the service sector and manufacturing, and the next wave of automation eliminating jobs accountants, call centers and real estate agents.

So says the data from a study conducted in 2013 by Oxford University. Researchers have tried to find out what kinds of work can be automated, and they themselves were amazed at the result. Creative professions and occupations requiring high qualifications were the most safe - but everything associated with manual labor, is at risk and will soon be automated. Machine work, typing, even retail - all these specialties will disappear.

And, as always happened in history, the elite will reap the benefits.

Publication Economist explains: "The well-being freed when the digital revolution, moved mainly to owners of capital and skilled workers. Over the past three decades, the proportion of "working class" income decreased globally from 64% to 59%. At the same time, the share of income of the elite, is 1% of the population in America has increased from 9% in 1970 to 22% today. Unemployment in rich countries has reached a disturbing level. In 2000, 65% of people of working age had a job in the United States; although since then the population has decreased, employment is now among working-age people is about 59%. "

This trend is observed not only in the United States. According to a report released by the beginning of the World Economic Forum in Davos, "85 of the world's richest people together own capital of 1 trillion pounds, which is equal to total capital 3.5 billion poorest people of the world." And the corporation, owned by the richest people on the planet now are developing robots that will allow them to concentrate in their hands even more funds.

According to the Economist article, this cycle, when new technologies replace old ones and the old ones are replaced by new profession, this time will be of one-sided. In the new information economy, which replaced the old production-oriented, just there is no need in such a quantity of unskilled labor: in Google last year, Apple, Amazon, and Facebook together were estimated at $ 1 trillion, but in these companies in the aggregate only works 150,000 people.

All of these points lead to a disappointing conclusion: in the coming global, technologically advanced and congested world of inequality, we run the risk of becoming a cyber-farmers, caring for a lawn holding feudal-rich machines. Analysts are predicting the emergence of new fighters against the ruling class, and is easy to understand why: to 99% of future revenues from emerging technologies is not in the hands of a handful of people, we need the political impact of measures to adapt to the new mechanized world.

A radical redistribution of income is on the way: for example, in Switzerland and Germany are already thinking about the introduction of "guaranteed minimum income", provided by the state.

Humanity already possesses agricultural, and household energy technologies necessary to revise the global income distribution scheme to make them more uniform. So when rich men and robots take over the devastation of the world's labor markets, social change will be far more important than any technological advances.

Dubai as a logistics center

The 21st century is marked by the rapid development of logistics in Asia. For Japan, which is well known for its achievements in the field of production logistics, in particular logistical systems Kanban and Kaizen, joined the so-called. "Asian dragons" (Republic of Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong), as well as the largest country in the world - China and India where rapidly create modern transport and logistics infrastructure.

In recent years, large-scale logistics projects implemented in the countries of South-West Asia, particularly in the Gulf states, which occupy very advantageous transport-logistic and transit location. This primarily refers to the United Arab Emirates, which includes Dubai. It is here now under construction in the world's largest airport, and is formed on its basis is one of the largest and most modern international logistics centers - Dubai Logistics City.

Dubai as part of the UAE. Among the seven emirates that form the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Dubai belongs to the second place both in area and in the value of GDP. Historically, the development of Dubai passable slowly, but accelerated significantly during the second half of the twentieth century. In 1967, the deep-water port here for 35 berths has been constructed. Later, to the south of the city it was built a second port, which nowadays has become one of the largest container ports in the world. In 2004, the turnover of the two Dubai ports was 6.42 million. * TEU. With the discovery in 1966 of oil deposits began the rapid development of infrastructure, but Dubai's leaders realized that the oil - it's not forever, once its deposits are exhausted. Therefore, in order to diversify the emirate's economy and reduce its dependence on oil, Dubai has begun the development of trade and tourism.

As a result, in 2005 only 12% of Dubai's GDP accounted for by oil, and this proportion in recent years continues to decline. Throughout the 1990s, Dubai has established itself as an elite tourist destination, which is characterized by an international atmosphere of relaxation. Foreign tourists prefer Dubai due to the fact that the religious requirements of Islam are treated fairly liberal and English spoken. With the development of tourism related development and construction of major facilities. Last Known building a world-class project - "Burj Dubai" ( "Dubai Tower"), which will become the tallest building in the world. It was built on an artificial island near the famous hotel "Burj Al Arab" ( "Arabian Tower"). Another world-famous project - "Dubai Palm Island" - an artificially constructed island in the shape of palm tree branches that are so ambitious that they can be seen from space. The islands are located hotels, villas and apartments. Today, tourism, together with the conferences provide about 5% of the GDP of Dubai.

Dubai is also developing the processing industry, trade, transport and distribution In addition to oil and tourism. In recent years, Dubai has become a major trade and distribyutorsky center, which serves about 2 million. Buyers worldwide. Its ports, airports, road and highway, as well as free economic zones (including the "Jebel Ali", "Dubai Internet City", "Dubai Media City") have very favorable conditions for investors, who can create here the enterprise with 100% foreign capital. Moreover, such enterprises are fully exempted from tax for the next 15 years. These conditions contribute to an increase in international trade flows, which in recent years has more than doubled compared with 1999. Given the above, it becomes clear why Dubai is known as "Arabian Switzerland". This title also displays a neutral political status of Dubai and its stabilizing role in the Gulf region.

As in other emirates of the Persian Gulf, the government of Dubai owns certain members of the family. Dubai is Al-Maktoum family who has absolute power and all the most important government posts. Politics Ruler of Dubai as a whole has the support of the people, as provided a long period of prosperity of the country. The official representative of the ruling family - Sheikh Maktoum Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the eldest son of Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum, who started the modernization of Dubai in the 1970's. After the latter's death in 1990, Sheikh Maktoum took over as head of the highest in Dubai. In 1994, he appointed his brother - Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Crown Prince of Dubai. Since that time, Sheikh Mohammed is the guarantor of stable political conditions and the driving force behind the dynamic economic development of Dubai.

All political and economic decisions Sheikh aimed at sustainable development and prosperity of the country. According to sources, Dubai, thanks to the system of monarchy made possible the use of long-term planning and coordination of all projects and policies of the country. It should be noted especially financial and trade conditions in Dubai, where virtually no taxes on corporate profits and individuals. Also, the country abolished the control of foreign exchange transactions and no customs barriers. In addition, energy costs and wages meet the international level of competition. However, adaptation to the Arab business conditions may cause some difficulties for foreign investors. So, during the negotiations the Arab partners deliberately avoid open discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of the project in question. Instead, they interrupt the talks, discussing among themselves the problem, and then inform the Western business partners about their decision.
In general, life in Dubai is characterized by interweaving of different cultures, and is a model of tolerance, which are inherent to the friendly and welcoming, even though there are only foreigners tourists, shop-tourists or businessmen. Here are some differences with regard to foreigners, compared with the local population. First of all expats, ie foreign nationals, regardless of whether they are Arab citizens who came to work, or the rich Western managers do not have political representation in the country. In addition, they do not have the right to demand an audience with Sheikh during the so-called Madzhilz (meeting the country's leadership and its citizens, that is, according to Dubai's sources, the informal system of national representation).

The Muslim religion plays an important role in the daily life of the country. Islam is the official religion of the state, and Muslims make up about 50% of the population. Accordingly, commercial ethics and the life of the international experts are strongly influenced by religious rules. On the other hand, high standards of living manifestation of the rule of Islamic radicalism. Therefore, the risk of terrorist attacks in Dubai is relatively low.

Logistics activities in Dubai. Consider the reasons for the development of logistics in Dubai. In 1959, by decree of Sheikh Rashid Bin Saeed Al Maktoum was built Dubai International Airport and the corresponding cargo terminal (Dubai Cargo Village, DCV). Currently, the airport is located in the center of the city, due to the rapid development of the latter. Power Dubai Airport is 25 mln. Passengers per year, compared with airports such as Frankfurt or London, with a capacity of 60 million or more. Passengers is small. However, there are opportunities and plans for increasing the capacity of Dubai airport to 75 million. Passengers. Another feature of this airport is that twice a day take place the peak passenger flow increase (from 12 am to 1 hour, and from 7 am to 8 am), which is explained by the existing schedules of flights at airports in Europe and Asia. This phenomenon is amplified by the fact that the Dubai airport is used as a transit point for flights over long distances. At this time, no logistical problems associated with the carriage of passengers the airport activity is observed.

Quite a different situation has developed in the cargo terminal, the occurrence of which was due to the dynamic growth of freight traffic. So, in 2004 in comparison with 1999, the volume of freight traffic increased by more than twice - respectively with 480 thousand tons to 1.2 million tons Figure.... 1 shows the dynamics of freight traffic in the Dubai Airport and the two other major airports in the United Arab Emirates - Sharjah and Abu Dhabi.

The existing equipment of the cargo terminal is considered the best in the region and therefore provides the most rapid handling. However, this does not relieve the terminal by logistical problems, of which there are at least two.

Firstly, companies - Logistics operators feel the complexity of operating in the processing of goods. Secondly, there is no possibility to increase the capacity of the terminal in the future despite the growing demand for logistics. These problems are due, above all, the current placement of the airport within the city limits and the corresponding shortage of space. Therefore, significant volumes of goods stored on pallets in the open air, which is possible thanks to the arid climate of Dubai.

However, sometimes there are rains and then the goods may be affected, especially if it is a computer or other sophisticated equipment. Such a situation does not affect the timeliness of air transportation of goods, but at the same time creates a big problem for all of their storage conditions. Dubai cargo terminal is located between the high-speed highway, which is why in the absence of free space is not possible to build new storage capacity. Fig. 2 and 3 shows the expected demand for logistics premises in the Dubai International Airport, determined on the basis of the analysis of the needs of companies, logistics service providers. Even today, the need for logistics area of ​​more than twice that available. In addition, in the near future it is expected to increase the volume of logistics services at the Dubai airport and expanding the range of provided logistics services.

Prospects for the development of freight traffic volume of DMA and its logistics and land maintenance
To solve the problem of lack of space for further development of Dubai International Airport (DMA) and the creation of the Dubai logistics campus (DLG) in the beginning it was decided to search for the necessary areas near the airport. Over time, such a proposal has been rejected, due to the fact that it was not optimal. Such a decision would lead to a shortage of land in the near future. Dubai's leadership has decided to build Dubai Logistics City (DLG) near the existing seaport Jebel Ali, create another free economic zone to include DLG in the Dubai World Trade Centre, near which place the new international airport Jebel Ali (JXB) (Fig. 4). Such a radical decision on the new place of accommodation DLG explained the following arguments.

The need for logistics companies in areas DMA
Firstly, the political system in Dubai allows you to make decisions about the long-term investment projects (as opposed to Europe, where the situation should be considered related to the elections). Therefore, in addition to such significant projects that have already been implemented, (among them - the hotel "Burj Al Arab" Tower "Burj Dubai" and "Palm Islands") Dubai sheikhs decided to build a new logistics facility is to continue to implement the grandiose building projects in Dubai are able to continue to improve the image of the city. Secondly, placement of a new international airport Jebel Ali and Dubai logistics campus in the desert part of the country offers significant advantages in terms of their territorial expansion in the future. Third, the neighborhood of the town of Dubai logistics and airport Jebel Ali enables logistics companies to take advantage of the free economic zone. Thus, it becomes possible for the carriage of goods to change one type of transport to another (air, sea, land), without the hassle.

A new variant of accommodation of the town of Dubai logistics
It should also be noted that the transport of cargo can be carried out by sea from the port of Jebel Ali, as well as trucks or aircraft. In the case of delivery of cargo to the neighboring country is not often used by large ships, container ships, and much smaller barges.

An important advantage of Dubai is its favorable territorial arrangement in comparison with neighboring Oman and Yemen, as in the vicinity of the city there are no mountains, which would prevent the ground transportation of goods. Another advantage, in particular for air transport, is that Dubai airport connected with the major European airports. In addition, broadly, the presence at the airport in Jebel Ali free trade zone eliminates any difficulties and obstacles to the activities of the companies - international logistics operators. Fig. 5 shows the planned deployment airport Jebel Ali and Dubai logistics campus, located near the sea port of Jebel Ali.

Accommodation Airport Jebel Ali and Dubai logistics campus
As directed by the leadership of the country is made up of the further development of the Dubai logistics town (until 2050) taking into account possible changes in the external and development of the logistics sector. An example of the introduction of new technology are improved security. However, the critical issue is the limited area of ​​the international airport Jebel Ali. Hence the importance of acquiring effective territorial organization of the logistics infrastructure that allows efficient transport and process loads. That is why the development of free economic zones will be implemented as separate modules. In addition to the Dubai logistics campus also provides for the construction of office, research and other institutions, as well as housing estates.

The composition of the Dubai logistics campus
The main clients - consumers Dubai campus logistics services are logistics providers and manufacturers with significant volumes of freight transportation. At the same time, these companies can only be rented for a long term (rather than buy) the relevant land areas and facilities in the logistics sector. Particularly important Dubai Logistics town has trimodal for providers of logistics services, which are used to transport cargo by air, sea and land transport.

Potential sectors - logistics customers Dubai campus may be the production of consumer electronics, pharmaceuticals, release of high-tech products, spare parts and other goods that use logistics services in supply chains.

Meaning DLG further enhanced, taking into account the extent of the new airport in Dubai-Jebel Ali (JHV), which upon completion will be the largest in the world in terms of power (120 mln. Passengers and 12 mln. Tons per year), and area (140 km2, more than London "Heathrow" and Chicago "O'Hare" together). He will remove the second place of today's leader - the London airport "Heathrow", has a capacity of 83.5 million passengers a year.. Jebel Ali Airport will have at least six parallel runways and several lounges. It is expected that the new airport will be able to provide the growing needs of the Emirate in passenger and freight traffic until 2050

Creation on the basis of the airport and the Jebel Ali seaport of the same name Dubai International Logistics Center, in addition to the opportunities of sea and air cargo transportation, the development of infrastructures for overland transport modes. In particular, to the well-developed road network decided to add Railways (length of more than 700 km), which will connect the main cities of the Emirate and will be part of a large-scale railway network covering all the countries of the Persian Gulf. This project «Emirates Railways» (Railways Emirates) should become the main artery of the cargo area. Implementation of the project is designed for 5-7 years and will require at least $ 30 billion. It is also planned to build the Dubai Metro (up to 2012). The local Metro will have two lines (red and green), total length of 72 km with 55 stations. This will be the longest fully automated metro system in the world. in year.

Contracts management (management consulting)

Contracts management (management consulting)

Management contracts are inherently very similar to contracts for the provision of engineering and technical services.
In spite of the large investments and advanced technologies, many companies are experiencing difficulties due to poorly trained or poorly motivated managers. But talented managers - one of the company's most important assets. Transferring control of art at the international level is carried out through the signing of international management contracts.
In accordance with these agreements, the operational control of the company or individual phases of its operations, which is usually carried out managers, appointed or selected by the owner of the enterprise, provided by another firm, which executes it for a fee.

There are two types of management contracts:
1) Management contracts a new commercial project. In this case, the contracting firm may sell the company-customer a significant amount of their equipment;
2) contracts, the signing of which is a foreign company, the contractor takes over the management in order to increase the efficiency of the enterprise.

The functions assumed by the contractor, cover the following aspects of the customer:
• Management of the direct process of production, including responsible for technological and engineering aspects of the production;
• human resource management, including the appointment and dismissal of foreign personnel and training the local workforce;
purchase of machinery and raw materials;
• Marketing;
• financial management, including bookkeeping, tax optimization and contracts on borrowing operations.
Sometimes marketing services are the subject of a special agreement. In this case, on the basis of a marketing contract the customer transfers the responsibility for the implementation of its products and the implementation of all activities of the contractor for the sale.

Management contracts are usually concluded for a period of 3 to 5 years, as a rule, a fixed payment or payment, depending on the production volume and not on profits. Because of the similarity of management contracts to contracts for the provision of engineering services advantages and disadvantages of these forms of international technological exchange are similar.

Thus, in a developed market economy in view of its increasing complexity of market participants (companies / organizations) is economically feasible to use the services of engineering firms. The company contracting literally orders on the basis of an agreement (contract) changes itself.

Engineering services for construction - Construction of "turnkey"

Engineering services for construction - Construction of "turnkey"

Widespread in engineering awarded contracts "turnkey". They suggest instructed the company-executor (contractor) of research and development, supply of necessary equipment and construction of industrial sludge other objects from the design stage to the delivery and installation of equipment. In fact, engineering services in construction ( "turnkey") - a kind of general contractor's activities, its higher level. It is based on a systematic approach to the implementation of the project on the basis of an optimum combination of features and the efforts of all participants in the investment process. The contract involves a fixed price and construction time for a given level of quality. In addition to these basic obligations, the contract may include additional requirements of the customer, for example, technical assistance during the development of the complex and the elimination of its full capacity, assistance in the training of specialists to work on the future of the object, etc.

In the practice of conducting the construction, there are three main types of contracts:

1) In the case of contracts with subcontractors in the contract directly with the subcontractors firms process control construction industry takes on directly to the customer, creating a special unit for the period of construction with the involvement of professional managers. The contractual relationship the customer and contractors are very complex and are reflected in numerous contracts. The financial responsibility of each artist is limited to the scope of its subcontracting. Therefore, the implementation of the project in terms of an independent subcontract there is the possibility of deviation of the actual parameters of the object under construction on the initial data (the planned cost, schedule, quality level);

2) If the contract with the general contractor functions of the organizer of the construction process, as well as full financial responsibility for the final result, are assigned to any artist, usually a company that manufactures construction and installation work. With its broad powers, it forms part of subcontractors in view of the previous experience of cooperation. Form of the contract with the general contractor to the unification of efforts of participants of construction, their interest in carrying out all the work, the search for mutually acceptable and mutually beneficial solutions, and therefore to optimize the production process indicators. In this form of contract design phase it retains a certain autonomy and is not included in a single system of financial responsibility for the final result. Errors in the design documents, discovered in the course of work, can delay construction; inaccuracies in projects and lead to the rejection of the actual cost of the planned. Therefore, this form of organization is also virtually impossible to enter into contracts with fixed cost and timing of construction;

3) The contract "turnkey" is a system of a single financial responsibility for the project as a whole, which is turned on and the design. It gives an opportunity to minimize construction time and cost, and, most importantly, promotes compliance with these conditions. Organization of construction of this type of contract allows you to make the design process continuously. The result is a feedback system, ie timely detection of shortcomings in the project, their surgical removal and the constant updating of the project during its implementation. The possibility of combining design and construction conditions which are laid in the system of the production process, significantly reduce the duration of the investment cycle. As a project manager, coordinating the activities of all parties in the investment process, with full power and full measure of responsibility to the customer can be a design and construction, design or purely advisory and management firm. In the construction industry with a predominance of modern technologies are more likely to control the design engineering firms, as they, along with the management of the construction process are competent to deal with the involvement of the latest industrial technologies.
Project Manager features include:
• Provide advice to the customer;
• choice of designers and contractors;
• organization and development of pre-design works Designing jobs;
• preparation of documents for the conclusion of contracts;
• execution of contracts for the supply of products;
• planning, network diagrams and schedules;
• control over the cost, timing and quality of construction; the facility to operate.
Thus, the project manager coordinating virtually all aspects of project implementation activities.

Agreement "turnkey" to differentiate "light" and "heavy" contracts. The first group includes those in which the transfer of a facility to the customer should not conclude contracts for the transfer of management and production experience, to the second - the situations in which the relationship with the customer provide for the continuation of a management contract or license agreement on the "know-how".
Since the mid 60-ies of the scope of work of "turnkey" is continuously growing and by now it has become the dominant type of contract in the industrialized countries. However, it should be noted that in recent years, firms in countries such as India, South Korea and Turkey are taking a stronger position in the international construction of "turnkey", as They are more competitive in conventional construction projects through the use of cheap labor.

Benefits Agreements "turnkey" are, first of all, is that they provide an opportunity to acquire not only specific technical and managerial skills, and the cost to the customer cheaper than self-fulfillment of all the work.

Ways to improve the ideal system

Deploying systems

• Rapid growth of the functional impact (quantity and quality functions) when deploying the system structure
• The growth of the functional efficiency in the constant-stve system structure

Clotting systems

• Growth functional recoil system during its coagulation structure. This is the path of transition to new principles of building structures on the new principles of action
• A typical way of any resource (energy, material and labor costs)
• Minimize operation of the system, the system withdrawal from the market

How to check the Chinese supplier on the Internet

When you start to do business with the Chinese - keep in mind that in China a lot of middlemen posing as real manufacturers. And they do it quite professionally. China has evolved over the centuries the tradition of trade and intermediary in the course of the culture here. A Chinese man can quite easily agree with the owner of the factory that it will come with a foreign client and everything will be furnished so that you do not even suspect that in front of you "replaced" the factory owner.

How can I check the company is an intermediary or in front of you a real producer?
There are a few tricks. So there you go. Surely you have found (or find helped you) potential suppliers in the B2B sites such as alibaba. com or globalsources. com. There are a few popular sites (made-in-china. Com or tradekey. Com). I will focus on 2 the most serious - it alibaba. com and globalsources. com

Alibaba. com - the most popular B2B resource Large Live here all the proposals is the most active online marketplace for buyers and sellers. Almost any Chinese company that does business with foreign countries has your account here. And all Chinese companies should have the status of Gold Supplier. By itself, the Gold Supplier account says only that the company is ready to spend 30,000 yuan (a little less than 5 thousand. Dollars) a year to enter the international market. Look closely the profile of the company, product images, compare them with photos of other suppliers (the Chinese do not bother too much about the photos and simply copy them from one another). If the company Gold Supplier account for more than 5 years - this means that at least the company exists in the real world.

Now a little about globalsources. com - I personally like it better than Alibaba. Globalsources - it is an older area than Alibaba, but not so unwound. Make a Gold account on globalsources much more expensive - about 15.000USD year. Correspondingly every detail there is practically no, and much more likely to find real producer here. Still, do not relax - in fact you are working with China.

And then after a few hours of sitting in the internet and the selection of potential suppliers you are staying on a few and send them a request (if you do not know English - google translator to help you). After a while, you come with the price of the goods description and prices. At prices not pay much attention - usually in the first letter of the Chinese writing from the bulldozer and they are always exaggerated. In general, I have noticed that the Chinese when talking about price with foreigners trying to overcharge (probably think that all foreigners dumber them). Therefore, comparing prices from several suppliers of identical products can reasonably be traded. Strong killing at a price they would not recommend, but something else as well save on that later will not know what to do with all this product

How to distinguish the intermediary from the manufacturer? Key features

1. If the company has a very large range of products, ranging from silk scarves and plastic hangers to laptops and cell phones - in front of you is a typical Chinese company proxy.

2. For example on Alibaba lot of companies they write that they Manufacter, ie manufacturer. But if you see the name of the company in import / export company or a trading company, then you most likely before the mediator (though not the fact)

3. If the company's website or in the showroom Alibaba no photos of the plant - ask them to send you a photo of the plant. Look carefully at the gate if there is a company name (characters). Then ask to send scanned copies of registration documents (there are also all written in hieroglyphs). Even if you do not know the Chinese language, you most likely will see the similarity or difference in names. At the end of the names of almost every Chinese company is 有限公司, which means "Limited Responsibility". So these characters can not pay attention.

4. If you are not going to work with fake brands, and plan to buy more or less than legal products, then feel free to ask the Chinese certificates, such as CE certificate. CE certificate permits the turnover of these products in the European Union. Chinese manufacturing companies when dealing with exports usually pass the certification procedure. Although I have met and fake certificates, but it happens quite rarely.
Let me describe briefly how it works. When we partner with purchased electronic cigarettes, we worked directly with the manufacturer. Those. electronic cigarettes, they do themselves, we were with them in the factory, CE certificates have been. But when we have asked for certificates for liquid for electronic cigarettes - they have given us their only 2 days. The certificate was generally another company, which is generally in the other provinces. By a brief google search - we found them and contacted them by phone. Fluids are sold only in bulk very large and there was no sense to work with them directly. But we arrived at our price, which are bought by the Chinese liquid. It turns out they have done almost 2 prices. As a result, we saved on each delivery of liquids for about 40%.

5. The company's website. If the company's web site is very beautiful and tastefully decorated (which is extremely rare in China), then the probability that the real manufacturer is much higher. I also recommend to pay attention to the grammar of the English version of the site. Brokers usually do not bother the text and the English version of the site they curve (probably through the same google translator translate). In serious company English text will be written smoothly and without error. If the site is multilingual, ie There are several languages ​​- then the probability that it is a real serious manufacturer is much higher.

6. Look for reviews on Google about this company. It is better to look for the English-speaking Internet. If the company is serious - it is certainly a few links in the network. Generally there Google can help you find a lot of new and interesting information about the company you are interested in

7. Ask your potential suppliers more tricky questions on the product specifications. The fact that the mediators are usually not as well aware of the technical details, and they need time to ensure that these details to find out. Usually mediators write about this answer: "I need to have conversation with engineer, give you answer tomorrow". Namely - "I need to talk to an engineer - I will give the answer tomorrow."
In the real manufacturers, on the other hand - the plant management is well aware of the product specifications and can be answered without delay.
A good option to ask whether it is possible to modify the technical goods. If this is the mediator, then he is either "hang" for a while, or to say "NO". While the real manufacturer will ask specific questions and give a concrete answer in the shortest possible time.

Epilogue: not always work directly with the factory you will be profitable. Many plants will give you a better price than the intermediary. They simply do not care about small orders. I am faced with such situations more than once. Here it is necessary to bargain reasonably. In addition, an intermediary often range is much wider, because he takes the goods from different manufacturers, and the price on the Chinese for the Chinese people. The mediator is often much better versed in the needs of specific markets. So I am constantly in touch with his friend, the Chinese, with whom we have no mutual business interests, but we had remained good friends - and he tells me that he knows what product is best sold in Spain, which in the United States, and some in Russia. And when I had ordered goods, he never tried me vparit illiquid or low-quality goods. I would not make sense to go to producers (even though I knew basically where it is purchased), because I could take the whole range in one place with fast shipping and a minimum mark. And what is important - he never sold me a bad product. Remember the one golden rule that I learned from my experience with China: It does not matter whether your supplier or manufacturer of the mediator. Better an honest and reliable broker, ten obscure plants.

Law S curve - shaped (logistic) systems development

Law S curve - shaped (logistic) systems development

This is an amazing law, which, like a drop of water reflects all the dialectical laws. He was instrumental, for it is possible to conduct diagnostics of systems.
In XIX century the century were established some general laws of development of various biological systems: the growth of colonies of bacteria, insect populations, the weight of the developing fetus, etc. versus time. The curves of growth were similar in the first place, the fact that each of them could quite clearly be divided into three successive stages: slow increase, fast avalanche growth and stabilization (sometimes down) the number or other characteristics. In the 20-ies. The twentieth century has been proven that similar steps are in their development and various technical systems.

Curves built in the coordinate axes, where the vertical delayed numerical value of one of the main characteristics of the system (the speed of the airplane, power for power generator), and the horizontal - the "age" of the system or the cost of its development was received (in appearance curve) name S -shaped. The publications of the curves have been given for vehicles, tractors, aircraft, paper machines, etc. Attempts were made to the mathematical description of analysis curves (curves Gompetsa, Pearl, logistics, etc.), but we must remember that such krivve - certain idealization. The real technical system whose parameters are taken into account in the construction of curves, designed and operated in different conditions, so the data are often inaccurate.
These curves are rather an illustration of the qualitative development of technical systems and therefore their analysis gives the most interesting results.

December trading 18-29.12.2015 6E

Tuesday 03 11 2015 6E

Monday 02 11 2015 6E

Week forecast 01 11 2015 6E